James Letten

Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Ltd. (Credit Suisse Europe) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of Credit Suisse Investment Holdings (UK), itself a subsidiary of Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. The firm was founded in 1966 and formerly known as Credit Suisse First Boston (Europe) Ltd. Headquartered in London, Credit Suisse Europe arranges financing in international capital markets, provides financial advisory services and acts as a dealer in securities, derivatives and foreign exchange on a principal and agency basis for corporate and institutional investors.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

Merrill Lynch International (MLI-UK) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1988 and is a subsidiary of ML UK Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) in the US. MLI-UK provides brokerage services to individual and retail clients.

JPMorgan Securities Plc is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1992 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JP Morgan Capital Holdings Ltd., ultimately owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities provides market research, proprietary pricing data and analytics, and trade execution across multiple asset classes such as credit, equities and FX. They help institutional investors, traditional and alternative asset and fund managers, broker dealers and equity issuers meet the demands of changing markets.

Morgan Stanley & Co. International Plc (MSCI) is a brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1986 and is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Investments (UK), ultimately held by Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) in the US. MSCI provides a range of brokerage services to corporations, governments and financial institutions.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Goldman Sachs International (GSI) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned brokerage subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group UK Ltd., ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) in the US. The firm was founded in 1988 and formerly known as Trushelfco Ltd. Headquartered in London, GSI provides prime brokerage, securities lending, futures services and financing services for a range of clients such as corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net worth individuals.

Nomura International Plc provides a variety of financial services including advisement, investment banking and asset management. It trades in and sells fixed income and equity products, including related derivatives; and provides investment banking services, and corporate finance and private equity services. The company is also involved in asset and principal finance business. It offers investment advisory and management, custody, and employment services. Nomura International was founded in 1981 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Exane SA (United Kingdom) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Exane SA in France, which is owned by BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP). Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 2019 and provides institutional investors with a range of services, such as research, sale and execution on European equities.

Part of Cantor Fitzgerald LP, Cantor Fitzgerald Europe is a British brokerage company. The company is based in London, UK. The CEOs are Sofocles Sofocleous, Sara Simmons, Juergen Haferkorn. The company was founded in 1945.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Liberum Capital Ltd. (Liberum) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of TN Holdings (BVI) Ltd. in British Virgin Islands. The firm was founded in 2007 by Shane Le Prevost. Headquartered in London, Liberum provides trading and execution services for institutional clients. They bring liquidity into the niches that matter and are market-makers in more than 350 large, mid and small-cap stocks.

Redburn (Europe) Ltd. (dba Redburn Atlantic) is an equity brokerage firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2003 by Jeremy Evans and Nick Glydon. They are a wholly owned subsidiary of Rothschild & Co. Continuation Holdings AG, ultimately owned by Rothschild & Co SCA. (EPA: ROTH) in France. Redburn Atlantic provides institutional investors with US and European equity research, trade execution and capital markets services. Their Execution Services division delivers high-touch sales trading and execution as well as low-touch execution and algorithmic solutions. The division also offers market structure and trading analytics.

UBS AG (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage subsidiary of UBS AG, ultimately held by UBS Group AG (SWX: UBSG) in Switzerland. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1998 and provides nimble, innovative and bespoke access to solutions, from market and insight tools, to trading strategies and execution for private, institutional and corporate clients worldwide, as well as private clients in Switzerland. They distribute, trade, finance and clear cash equity and equity-linked products. The firm also structures, originates and distributes new equity and equity-linked issues.

Macquarie Capital (Europe) Ltd. (MCEL) is the London-based subsidiary of Macquarie Group Ltd. (SY: MQG), a global provider of banking, financial, advisory, investment and fund management services. Operating as part of the Macquarie Capital Advisers division, MCEL provides investment advisory services in the UK and in continental Europe. In relation with Macquarie Securities Group, they provide access to Asia Pacific markets for European clients. In terms of research, MCEL supplies macro-economic, markets and stock level analysis to a diverse range of clients. Their capabilities cover equity, debt, ForEx, futures, metals and mining worldwide, economics and strategy. In 2009 Macquarie Group acquired the international brokerage firm Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller LLC. The London branch Fox-Pitt, Kelton Ltd. was absorbed into MCEL.

Baader Helvea AG (Baader Helvea) s the research-based Swiss brokerage subsidiary of Baader Bank AG (XE: BWB) in Germany. Formerly known as Helvea SA, established in 1990, the firm is located in Geneva and specializes in equity research, sales, sales trading, execution and administration, and services institutional clients worldwide, including pension funds, insurance funds, unit trusts, balanced funds and hedge funds. Their core market is Switzerland with a focus on small- and mid-cap companies; however, they also have expertise in European equity especially in those sectors in which Swiss companies operate as global players, such as banking, insurance, healthcare, food manufacturing, chemicals and luxury goods. The firm's research process focuses on company analysis and includes a company visitation program. They aim to identify companies likely to generate superior returns for shareholders and to evaluate sector or company-specific trends.

Van Lanschot Kempen NV (Broker) (Van Lanschot Kempen-Broker) is the broker-dealer division of Van Lanschot Kempen NV (AMS: VLK), a financial institution headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The firm was founded in 1903 and formerly known as Kempen & Co. NV. Van Lanschot Kempen-Broker provides securities broking to institutional investors, companies, financial institutions, (semi) public institutions, foundations and high net-worth individual clients.

Edison Investment Research Ltd. (Edison) is an investment research, investor relations and consulting firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Stephen Rogers and Fraser Thorne in 2003. They are a subsidiary of Edison Global Ltd. Edison provides investment research to international investors, advisors and stakeholders.

Commerzbank AG (Broker) (Commerzbank-Broker) is the brokerage division of Commerzbank AG (ETR: CBK) in Germany. In 2009, following Commerzbank's acquisition of Dresdner Kleinwort the group created a Corporates & Markets platform which integrated the business of Dresdner Kleinwort GmbH-Investment Management. Headquartered in Frankfurt, Commerzbank-Broker provides trade solutions to multinational corporations, institutional investors, public entities, SMEs and private clients. They also offer risk management and structured financing solutions.

ODDO BHF AG (Broker) (ODDO BHF-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of ODDO BHF AG, which is owned by Oddo BHF SCA in German. The firm was founded in 1854 and is headquartered in Frankfurt. ODDO BHF-Broker offers a wide range of high value-added broking services for issuers, holding companies and/or family offices.

Part of Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Bank AG (Hong Kong) is a financial institution that has been connecting worlds for 65 years. The company is based in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and serves as the hub for corporate and commercial clients. The company's asset management division, DWS, is a market leader in Hong Kong with a broad product offering. Its corporate bank division is an established market leader in transaction banking, with a presence in 60 countries, including an extensive footprint in HK. The investment bank provides strategic advice to corporate and institutional clients, focusing on the bank’s traditional strengths in financing, advisory, fixed income, and currencies, together with a focused equity capital markets business. The private bank focuses on private customers across all segments as well as business clients, and in HK, this division is represented by a highly competitive wealth manager. The Chinese company was founded in 1958, and its CEO is Werner Steinmüller.

Deutsche Bank AG operates as a national commercial bank. It provides clearinghouse services, loans, certificates of deposits, and derivatives. The company is headquartered in Singapore.

Commerzbank AG (UK) is the UK brokerage division of Commerzbank AG (FR: CBK) in Germany. Based in London, they engage in equity, debt and derivative instrument trading, investment banking, public finance and treasury, interest-rate and currency management, as well as corporate finance. In 2009 Dresdner Bank was acquired by and merged into Commerzbank and the London-based activities of Dresdner Kleinwort Securities absorbed into Commerzbank AG (UK). The firm provides capital markets services, corporate advisory, risk management, research and lending services focused on equity, corporate and emerging-market debt, derivatives and money market products. Their clients are European and international corporations, institutions and government entities. In terms of corporate finance they offer financial advisory as well as execution capabilities for a wide range of corporate finance-related transactions on a global basis. Their primary focus is on mergers and acquisitions, disposals, equity issues and initial public offerings.

Cowen & Co. LLC is a SEC-registered broker/dealer headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 2004 and is a subsidiary of Cowen Holdings, Inc., ultimately owned by The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TSE: TD) in Canada. Cowen & Co. offers industry-focused investment banking for growth-oriented companies, domain knowledge-driven research and a sales and trading platform for institutional investors. Their institutional sales and trading business serves both equity and fixed-income clients. Sales and trading execution platform is structured around the following key verticals: (1) healthcare (2) technology, telecommunications and media (TMT) (3) REITs and financials (4) aerospace and defense (5) consumer and (6) alternative energy.

Founded in 2004, TD Securities (USA) LLC is a broker/dealer located in New York City with additional offices in Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Vancouver, London, Singapore, Tokyo and Sydney. The firm is a subsidiary of Toronto Dominion Holdings (USA), Inc. and their ultimate parent is Toronto-Dominion Bank (NYSE: TD). TD Securities (USA) provides a wide range of capital market products and services to corporate, government and institutional clients in five areas of finance including: investment banking, debt capital markets, institutional equities, foreign exchange and money markets. Their services include the underwriting and distribution of new debt and equity issues, providing advice on strategic acquisitions and divestitures and executing daily trading and investment needs. The equity group provides research coverage of media and communications, technology, financial services, oil and gas, mining and metals, industrial products, forest products, technology, utilities and power, real estate, biotechnology, consumer products and merchandising and quantitative analysis strategy. The fixed-income group provides a full range of underwriting sales and trading products for Canadian, U.S. and European debt issuers and investors.

ODDO BHF Corporates & Markets AG (ODDO BCM) is a securities trading firm headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. The firm was founded in 1994 and became a subsidiary of France-based Oddo BHF SCA in 2015. ODDO BCM is actively involved in the capital market primarily in four areas: equities and bond trading, market making as a designated sponsor, as a floor specialist broker on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and in Corporate Finance. It advises German and other European SMEs on all their capital market plans, particularly in the areas of capital markets.

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

Andra Asset Management Ltd. provides investment advice. The British company was founded in 2019 by Jacob Nicholas Brahms and Sarunas Mazeikis.

Bellevue Asset Management AG (Bellevue AM) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Bellevue Group AG (SWX: BBN), an independent Swiss financial group. The firm is headquartered in Küsnacht, Switzerland and has additional offices in Germany, Austria and Luxembourg. Founded in 1993, Bellevue AM provides a diverse spectrum of top-tier investment solutions with a focus on global healthcare sector for private and institutional clients. They offer their flagship investment vehicle, the listed investment company BB Biotech AG.