David Thorburn Cumming

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

Goldman Sachs Advisors BV (GSBV) is the wholly owned, Netherlands-based investment management subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International Holdings BV, ultimately held by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (NYSE: GS) (Goldman Sachs) in the US. Founded in 1994 as ING Investment Management Advisors BV, the firm became NNIP Advisors BV in 2015 following the IPO of NN Group. They changed their name to Goldman Sachs Advisors BV in 2023 after the acquisition of Goldman Sachs to NN Group in 2022. Headquartered in The Hague, GSBV manages a range of assets for institutional and individual clients.

Schroder Investment Management Ltd. (SIM) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Schroder International Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Great Britain-based Schroders Plc (LSE: SDR, ADR: SHNWY). Established in 1985, SIM is headquartered in London and caters to a range of clients such as corporations, insurance firms, local and public authorities, charities, pension funds, high net-worth individuals and retail investors.

Baillie Gifford & Co. is an independent, global investment management firm headquartered in Edinburgh, UK. The firm was founded in 1908 and is wholly-owned by their partners. Baillie Gifford manages assets for pension funds, institutions, corporates, foundations, charities and retail investors. They are a socially responsible investor which works with their fund managers to assess ESG concerns both before and after investing in companies.

First Sentier Investors (UK) IM Ltd. (FSIIM) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based specialist asset management subsidiary of S.I. Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306) in Japan. Headquartered in Edinburgh, the firm was founded in 1970 and formerly known as First State Investment Management (UK) Ltd. FSIIM provides discretionary investment management and portfolio management services to a range of institutional clients and funds.

Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. (CGML) is an international broker-dealer firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1983 and is a subsidiary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Bahamas Ltd., ultimately held by Citigroup, Inc. (NYSE: C) in the US. CGML has a major presence in the international financial markets as a dealer, market-maker and underwriter in equity and fixed income securities and offers risk-based solutions to producers and investors in commodity markets. They also provide corporate finance services to a wide range of corporate, institutional and government clients. Their trading activities encompass cash, exchange traded and OTC derivative markets.

BNP Paribas (London Branch) is the Great Britain-based brokerage division of BNP Paribas SA (EPA: BNP) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1986. BNP Paribas (London Branch) offers a wide range of products and services to corporate, institutional, commodities, market making and broking clients.

Invesco Asset Management Ltd. (IAML) is the wholly-owned Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Invesco UK Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (NYSE: IVZ) in the US. The firm was founded in 1969 as Cavalier Securities Ltd. and became Invesco Asset Management Ltd. in 1993. They are headquartered in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. IAML provides investment management services on both a discretionary and non-discretionary basis to pension and profit-sharing plans, educational institutions, investment companies, insurance companies, individuals and holding companies. The firm also acts as investment advisor for a number of mutual funds on a sub-advised basis.

abrdn Alternative Investments Ltd. (AAI) is the wholly owned asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Investment Group Ltd. and their ultimate parent is abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN, ADR: SLFPF) in Great Britain. Formerly held by Lloyds Banking Group plc (LSE: LLOY), Aberdeen Asset Management plc entered into a strategic alliance with Lloyds Banking Group plc in 2013, acquiring AAI and their related private equity and infrastructure fund management businesses. Formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in London. AAI provides investment solutions to private individuals, financial institutions, charities, investment trusts and corporate and local government pension funds in Great Britain and worldwide.

Union Investment Privatfonds GmbH (Union Investment) is the asset management subsidiary of Union Asset Management Holding AG in Germany. Founded in 1956, the firm was formerly known as Union-Investment-Gesellschaft mbH and changed their name to Union Investment Privatfonds GmbH in 2002. Headquartered in Frankfurt, Union Investment is a socially responsible investor which offers a product range that covers all asset classes worldwide including equity, fixed-income, balanced, index and real estate funds.

Artemis Investment Management LLP (AIM) is a Great Britain-based investment management firm headquartered in London with an additional office in Edinburgh. The firm was founded in 1997 and is a subsidiary of Artemis Strategic Asset Management Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (NYSE: AMG) in the US. AIM manages a range of funds, investment trusts, hedge fund products, venture capital trusts, and pooled and segregated institutional portfolios for both retail and institutional investors.

SG Kleinwort Hambros Bank Ltd. (Kleinwort Hambros) is the Great Britain-based wealth management arm of Société Générale SA (EPA: GLE) in France. Formerly known as SG Hambros Bank & Trust Ltd., they became SG Hambros Bank Ltd. in 2007 when Hambros Bank acquired the London private banking business of ABN AMRO Bank NV. In 2017, the firm changed their name to SG Kleinwort Hambros Bank Ltd., following the purchase of Kleinwort Benson by Societe Generale Private Banking Hambros (SGPB Hambros) in June 2016, and its subsequent merger with SGPB Hambros. Headquartered in London, Kleinwort Hambros was founded in 1969 and offers a wide range of wealth management services to individuals, families, entrepreneurs, trusts and charities.

Part of Aviva Plc, Aviva Investors Pensions Ltd. is a British company that redefines ESG and investment stewardship. The company was founded in 1972 and is based in London, UK. Aviva Investors offers tailored investment capabilities to institutional or private investors, commercial borrowers, or intermediaries. The company provides long-form articles, videos, and podcasts from its teams that offer in-depth analysis of major market and industry trends. Aviva Investors has appointed Nick Molho as Head of Climate Policy to support the delivery of its macro stewardship program. The company's House View is the intelligence that guides its investment decisions, which is encapsulated in a quarterly publication that reflects the thinking of its investment team.

Charles Stanley & Co. Ltd. (Investment Management) (Charles Stanley-IM) is the investment management division of Charles Stanley & Co. Ltd., an investment company headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1852 and is ultimately owned by Raymond James Financial, Inc. (NYSE: RJF). Charles Stanley-IM provides bespoke investment portfolios and tailored financial advice to individuals, charities, institutions and professional advisers.

HSBC Bank Plc (Broker) (HSBC Bank-Broker) is the broker/dealer division of HSBC Bank Plc, which is owned by HSBC Holdings Plc (LON: HSBA; NYSE: HSBC) in Great Britain. Headquartered in London, HSBC Bank-Broker was founded in 1880 and offers bespoke brokerage services across every major asset class for their corporate and institutional clients.

BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Ltd. (BIM-UK) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm is a subsidiary of BlackRock Finance Europe Ltd., ultimately owned by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK) in the US. BIM-UK was founded in 2006 following the merger of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and BlackRock. In 2009, BlackRock merged with Barclays Global Investors, including the iShares exchange traded funds business. The combined firm operates under the BlackRock name and has retained the iShares brand. BIM-UK manages a family of mutual funds and acts as sub-advisor to other mutual and pension funds. They also offer alternative investments and managed accounts for individual and institutional clients.

Abrdn Fund Managers Ltd. (AFM) is the asset management subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Management Plc, itself a subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1962 and recently known as Aberdeen Standard Fund Managers Ltd. Headquartered in London, AFM provides investment products and solutions to individual and institutional clients.

AlphaGen Capital Ltd. is the alternative investment subsidiary of Janus Henderson Group Plc (LSE, NYSE: JHG) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Henderson Alternative Investment Advisor Ltd., the firm was founded in 1969 and changed their name to AlphaGen Capital Ltd. in 2015. Headquartered in London, AlphaGen Capital provides investment advisory services to a range of individual and institutional investors.

Ignis Investment Services Ltd. (IIS) is the asset management subsidiary of Ignis Asset Management Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN, ADR: SLFPY) in Great Britain. Headquartered in Edinburgh, the firm was formed following the 2008 merger of Resolution Asset Management and Axial Investment Management. They can trace their origins since 1986. IIS offered tailor-made and pooled solutions for small- to medium-sized pension schemes. Their clients include large corporate pension schemes, charities and life companies along with other strategic partners. They cater to UK retail, institutional and international clients.

Aberdeen Corporate Services Ltd. engages in support services. It provides central corporate services to the group’s business units. The company was founded in 2004 and is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

Part of abrdn Plc, Ignis Investment Management Ltd. is a British company that provides investment management services. The company is based in London, UK.

Part of abrdn Plc, Standard Life Investments (Holdings) Ltd. is a British company that provides asset management services. The company is based in Lothian, UK.

Ignis Fund Managers Ltd. engages in the management of unit trusts and individual savings accounts. The company is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.

Part of S & P Global, Inc., S & P Trucost Ltd. is a British company that provides investment research. The company is based in London, UK. S&P Trucost Ltd. was acquired by S&P Global Indices UK Ltd. on October 03, 2016 for $18.45 million. The company was founded in 2000 by Simon Griffith Thomas.

Solar Clean Energy Ltd. runs and maintains a portfolio of existing residential PV solar installations. The company was incorporated on November 11, 2010 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Standard Life Foundation operates as a grant making foundation. The non-profit company is based in Edinburgh, UK.

Part of Aviva Plc, Aviva Investors Ground Rent HoldCo Ltd. is a British financial services company. The company is based in London, UK. Founded in 2011, Aviva Investors Ground Rent HoldCo provides financial services.

Part of abrdn Plc, Ignis Asset Management Ltd. is a British company that provides investment advisory services. The company is based in Edinburgh, UK. Ignis Asset Management was acquired by Standard Life Investments (Holdings) Ltd. from PGH (Cayman) on July 01, 2014 for $643.71 million.

Standard Life Investments (SLIPIT) General Partner Ltd. engages in fund management activities. The firm specializes in property investments. The company was founded on September 6, 2013 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

The Investment Association provides investment services. It also offers trainings and seminars. The company was founded on October 13, 1959 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

LGT Wealth Management Ltd. is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2007 and formerly known as Abrdn Capital Ltd. In 2023, they became a subsidiary of LGT UK Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately owned by LGT Group Foundation in Liechtenstein. LGT Wealth Management provides discretionary investment management services for private clients, charities and pension schemes.

Part of Lands Improvement Holdings Empire SARL, Houghton Regis Management Co. Ltd. is a British company that engages in the management of real estate properties. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2017.