Andrea Melia

The Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. (formerly known as The Latin America Investment Fund, Inc.) (the 'Company'), a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Maryland, confirms its agreement with Aberdeen Asset Management Investment Services Limited (the 'Adviser'), a corporation organized under the laws of United Kingdom

Aberdeen Singapore Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is capital appreciation, which it seeks through investment primarily in Singapore equity securities as well as invests in in equity securities issued by companies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. The company was founded on May 31, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

First Israel Fund, Inc. is a closed ended mutual fund. The Fund may invest up to 80% of its total assets in 'Asian debt securities', and may be denominated in an Asian Country currency or in Australian, New Zealand or U.S. dollars.

abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. It engages in the provision of high current income by investing primarily in fixed income securities. It also seeks capital appreciation, but only when consistent with its principal investment objective. The company was founded on June 28, 1991 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Co. Ltd. is a closed-end investment company. Its investment objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on April 15, 1986 and is headquartered in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

abrdn Global Dynamic Dividend Fund is a mutual fund, closed-end investment trust. It focuses on long-term growth of capital and seeks high current dividend income. The company was founded on May 11, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Total Dynamic Dividend Fund is a closed end investment fund. It focuses on long-term growth of capital. The company was founded on October 27, 2006 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Premier Properties Fund is a closed-end management investment company. Its primary investment objective is capital appreciation and its secondary investment objective is high current income. The company was founded on February 13, 2007 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Income Credit Strategies Fund, operates as a global credit, non diversified and closed-end management investment company. It intends to seek risk-adjusted returns with high current income and the potential for capital appreciation. The company was founded on October 12, 2010 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. The fund’s principal investment objective is to seek both current income and long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in emerging markets equity securities. It invests its assets in Chilean equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 30, 1989 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Smaller Co. Opportunities Fund, Inc. operates as a closed-end investment fund/investment trust. It seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in equity securities of telecommunications companies in emerging market. The company was founded on October 12, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Israeli equity securities. The company was founded on March 6, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Indonesian equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 8, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Latin American equity securities. The company was founded on April 17, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is to seek capital appreciation and will seek to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a geographically diverse portfolio of below investment grade floating rate loans and floating and fixed rate high yield debt securities. The Fund will invest in loans and other debt securities of issuers located in the United States and in non U. S. countries. Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income was founded on August 28, 2009 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Infrastructure Income Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund's investment objective is to seek to provide a level of total return with an emphasis on current income. Its investment portfolios include Public & Private/Direct Infrastructure Investments. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Asia-Pacific Income Fund VCC. The firm’s objective is to obtain current income and achieve incidental capital appreciation from investment in long-term debt securities. The company was founded on 15 April 1986 and headquartered in Singapore.